How to Get a CDL License 2025: Step-by-Step Guide for Aspiring Truck Drivers

A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is your gateway to one of America's most stable and well-paying career fields. Truck drivers are the backbone of the U.S. supply chain, and the industry faces a persistent shortage of over 60,000 drivers according to the American Trucking Association. Starting salaries for CDL drivers range from $55,000–$80,000 per year, with experienced drivers at large carriers and owner-operators earning $80,000–$120,000+.

CDL Classes: What Type Do You Need?

• Class A CDL: Combination vehicles (tractor-trailer/semi-truck) with Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) over 26,001 lbs where the towed vehicle weighs more than 10,000 lbs. This is what most over-the-road (OTR) truck drivers hold. Most valuable and versatile.
• Class B CDL: Single vehicles over 26,001 lbs GVWR, or vehicles towing trailers weighing less than 10,000 lbs. Common for dump trucks, buses, garbage trucks, and straight trucks.
• Class C CDL: Vehicles transporting 16+ passengers or hazardous materials not covered by Class A or B. Common for school bus drivers, passenger van operators, and some hazmat transport.

For the highest-paying trucking jobs, pursue a Class A CDL. It gives you the widest range of employment options and access to the highest wages.

CDL Endorsements

Endorsements are specialty additions to your CDL that expand what you're allowed to haul or operate:

• H — Hazardous Materials: Requires a TSA security clearance and FMCSA background check; adds $5,000–$15,000/year to pay
• T — Double/Triple Trailers: Pulling two or three trailers in tandem
• N — Tank Vehicles: Operating tank trucks for liquids or gases
• X — Combination of N and H: Tanker hazmat — highest-paying endorsement
• P — Passenger: Carrying 16+ passengers (buses)
• S — School Bus: Specific to school bus operation

Step-by-Step: How to Get Your CDL

1. Get a Commercial Learner's Permit (CLP):
   • Visit your state's DMV and pass the written CDL knowledge tests (general knowledge + any applicable endorsement tests)
   • Must be 18+ for intrastate (within-state) driving; 21+ for interstate (crossing state lines) CDL
   • Bring: ID, proof of residency, SSN; pay CLP fee ($20–$50 depending on state)
   • Must hold CLP for at least 14 days before taking CDL skills test
2. Get a DOT medical exam:
   • Required by FMCSA; must be performed by a licensed DOT medical examiner
   • Checks vision, blood pressure, hearing, and general health; costs $75–$150
   • Some conditions (uncontrolled diabetes, vision below 20/40 corrected) can disqualify you
3. Complete CDL training:
   • Since February 2022, FMCSA requires all Class A and B CDL applicants to complete training at an FMCSA-registered training provider (ELDT requirement)
   • Training typically takes 3–8 weeks full-time; longer for part-time programs
4. Pass the CDL skills test:
   • Three parts: pre-trip inspection, basic vehicle controls, on-road driving
   • Administered at your state's DMV or a third-party testing site
   • Fee: $40–$200 depending on state; some CDL schools include this in tuition
5. Apply for your CDL:
   • Bring DOT medical card, skills test results, and application to DMV
   • CDL fee: $25–$100 depending on state

CDL Training Options & Costs

CDL Driver Salary & Career Paths

• Company driver (OTR): $55,000–$80,000/year; regular work, no ownership costs
• Regional driver: $60,000–$80,000/year; home more often
• Local driver (day cab): $55,000–$75,000/year; home every night
• Owner-Operator: $80,000–$200,000+/year gross; own your truck; higher income potential but business responsibility
• Hazmat/Tanker specialist: $75,000–$100,000+/year

See our truck driver career guide for full salary data and see our CDL state requirement comparison for specific state details.